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Abstract

In this study, wireless communication technologies used in road and marine traffic are compared and analyzed to develop a collision warning system for small maritime autonomous surface ships based on sufficient testing and technologically advanced wireless access in vehicular environment (WAVE) communication technology. Outstanding communication technologies, such as WAVE, have been used as the core technology for the infrastructural development of an intelligent transport system (ITS) as well as autonomous vehicles in many countries and industries. In WAVE communication, information is transmitted in 100-ms intervals. Therefore, it is feasible to maintain control of ships by fully supplementing the update interval of small automatic identification system (AIS) Class B ships using an autonomous navigation system for small ships, thus establishing a safe autonomous navigation system. Additionally, as information is retransmitted every 0.1 s, such a system can sufficiently handle sudden and unexpected risk situations encountered by small ships such as fishing boats. To evaluate the appropriateness of the proposed collision warning system based on WAVE communication, real ship tests were conducted for a comparative analysis using AIS communication-derived results. Based on the real ship test results, calculations were appropriately conducted according to the criteria of collision warning determination when confronting dangerous collision situations. In particular, systems based on AIS were found to often miss collision warnings owing to frequent variations in small ships. However, systems based on WAVE were found to have detected all collision risks.

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