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Abstract

On-dock rail integration positions terminals as critical hubs for rail-sea transshipment, which necessitates efficient scheduling for rapid container transfers. Given the strict schedules and batch arrival of railway containers, in this study, we propose a train-ship direct transshipment (TSDT) mode to eliminate nonproductive yard rehandling. To comprehensively evaluate the impact of the proposed mode on terminal handling operations, we developed an operational scheduling model for the entire process of the simultaneous loading of yard containers and railway-handling area (RHA) containers. The model comprises two stages. Stage 1 models the pre-reshuffling operations in the yard before loading, and Stage 2 implements the coordinated scheduling of containers from both the yard and the RHA during loading. We quantitatively analysed the impact of the TSDT mode on the makespan throughout the entire process and on the energy consumption of loading operations to identify optimal equipment configurations that balance operational efficiency and energy consumption.

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