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Abstract

Sloshing waves in moving tanks have been studied numerically, theoretically and experimentally in the past several decades. Most reported studies have been for tanks excited by forcing motion in a limited number of directions and with fixed excitation frequencies throughout the forcing. In the present study, a time-independent finite difference method is used to simulate fluid sloshing in the three-dimensional tanks with arbitrary depths and the tanks are subject to a range of excitation frequencies with motions that exhibit multiple degrees of freedom. The developed numerical scheme is verified by rigorous benchmark tests, and the advantage and efficiency of the method is also discussed. The wave motions that arise for a variety of water depths and a range of excitation frequencies are presented and discussed. The coupled motions of surge and sway are simulated with various excitation angles and frequencies. The ‘diagonal’, ‘single-directional’, ‘square-like’, ‘swirling’ and ‘chaotic’ waves are successfully obtained in this study and the transient response of sloshing waves in the tank is discussed in detail.

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